Updated about 3 years ago by Knödlseder Jürgen

TRA file format¶

The TRA file format is used by MEGALib to store event information. Check the MEGALib methods src/revan/src/MRERawEvent::ParseLine to better understand how to interpret the format. Note the inheritance of this class:

class MRERawEvent : public MRESE, public MRotationInterface

TI¶

Parameters:

1. [float] Defines the event time in seconds. Time zero corresponds to 1970-01-01T01:00:00.

Here is the relevant code in src/revan/src/MRERawEvent::ParseLine:

m_EventTime.Set(Line)
bool MTime::Set(const char* Line)
m_Seconds
m_NanoSeconds
}

Here a GammaLib code snippet for TI=1465776080.278382500 that gives the event time in UTC:

time  = gammalib.GTime('1970-01-01T01:00:00')
time += 1465776080.278382500
print(time.utc())
2016-06-13T01:00:54

RX¶

Parameters:

1. [float] m_DetectorRotationXAxis[0] [cm] (default: 1.0)
2. [float] m_DetectorRotationXAxis[1] [cm] (default: 0.0)
3. [float] m_DetectorRotationXAxis[2] [cm] (default: 0.0)

RZ¶

Parameters:

1. [float] m_DetectorRotationZAxis[0] [cm] (default: 0.0)
2. [float] m_DetectorRotationZAxis[1] [cm] (default: 0.0)
3. [float] m_DetectorRotationZAxis[2] [cm] (default: 1.0)

GX¶

Galactic longitude of detector X axis.
Parameters:

1. [float] Longitude [deg]
2. [float] Latitude [deg]
   

   SetGalacticPointingXAxis(Longitude, Latitude)
   

GZ¶

Galactic longitude of detector Z axis.
Parameters:

1. [float] Longitude [deg]
2. [float] Latitude [deg]
   

   SetGalacticPointingZAxis(Longitude, Latitude)
   

HX¶

Horizon of detector X axis.
Parameters:

1. [float] Azimuth [deg]
2. [float] Altitude [deg]

The information is set by

m_HorizonPointingXAxis.SetMagThetaPhi(1.0, (90-Altitude)*c_Rad, Azimuth*c_Rad)

which uses the MVector::SetMagThetaPhi method

void MVector::SetMagThetaPhi(double Magnitude, double Theta, double Phi) 
{
  // Set in spherical coordinates

  double A = fabs(Magnitude);
  m_X = A*sin(Theta)*cos(Phi);
  m_Y = A*sin(Theta)*sin(Phi);
  m_Z = A*cos(Theta);
}

HZ¶

Horizon of detector Z axis.
Parameters:

1. [float] Azimuth [deg]
2. [float] Altitude [deg]

The same method

m_HorizonPointingZAxis.SetMagThetaPhi(1.0, (90-Altitude)*c_Rad, Azimuth*c_Rad)

is used (see HX)

CE¶

Energy of Compton event, sets members of the MComptonEvent class.
Parameters:

1. [float] m_Eg [keV]
2. [float] m_dEg [keV]
3. [float] m_Ee [keV]
4. [float] m_dEe [keV]

CD¶

Direction of Compton events, sets members of the MComptonEvent class.
Parameters:

1. [float] m_C1[0] [cm]
2. [float] m_C1[1] [cm]
3. [float] m_C1[2] [dm]
4. [float] m_dC1[0] [cm]
5. [float] m_dC1[1] [cm]
6. [float] m_dC1[2] [dm]
7. [float] m_C2[0] [cm]
8. [float] m_C2[1] [cm]
9. [float] m_C2[2] [dm]
10. [float] m_dC2[0] [cm]
11. [float] m_dC2[1] [cm]
12. [float] m_dC2[2] [dm]
13. [float] m_Ce[0] [cm]
14. [float] m_Ce[1] [cm]
15. [float] m_Ce[2] [dm]
16. [float] m_dCe[0] [cm]
17. [float] m_dCe[1] [cm]
18. [float] m_dCe[2] [dm]

TL¶

Track length, sets member of MComptonEvent class.
Parameters:

1. [float] m_TrackLength [cm]

TE¶

Track initial deposit, sets member of MComptonEvent class.
Parameters:

1. [float] m_TrackInitialDeposit [keV]

LA¶

Lever arm, sets member of MComptonEvent class.
Parameters:

1. [float] m_LeverArm [cm]

SQ¶

Sequence length, sets member of MComptonEvent class.
Parameters:

1. [int] m_SequenceLength

PQ¶

Clustering quality factor, sets member of MComptonEvent class.
Parameters:

1. [float] m_ClusteringQualityFactor

CT¶

Compton quality factor, sets member of MComptonEvent class.
Parameters:

1. [float] m_ComptonQualityFactor1
2. [float] m_ComptonQualityFactor2 (optional, default: 1.0)

Computation of Chi and Psi¶

In the detector system, the event scatter direction is defined by Chi and Psi, where Chi is an azimuth angle and Psi is a zenith angle. The computation of Chi and Psi is done in MEGAlib in src/response/src/MResponseImagingBinnedMode::Analyze:

  // Get the data space information
  MRotation Rotation = Compton->GetDetectorRotationMatrix();

  double Phi = Compton->Phi()*c_Deg;
  MVector Dg = -Compton->Dg();
  Dg = Rotation*Dg;
  double Chi = Dg.Phi()*c_Deg;
  while (Chi < -180) Chi += 360.0;
  while (Chi > +180) Chi -= 360.0;
  double Psi = Dg.Theta()*c_Deg;

where

  // Direction of the second gamma-ray:
  m_Dg = (m_C2 - m_C1).Unit();

is the direction of the second gamma-ray, defined in src/misc/src/MComptonEvent::Validate.

Computation of Phi¶

The Compton scatter angle is computed in MEGAlib in src/global/misc/src/MComptonEvent::CalculatePhi

bool MComptonEvent::CalculatePhi()
{
  // Compute the compton scatter angle due to the standard equation
  // i.e neglect the movement of the electron,
  // which would lead to a Doppler-broadening
  //
  // Attention, make sure to test before you call this method,
  //            that the Compton-kinematics is correct

  double Value = 1 - c_E0 * (1/m_Eg - 1/(m_Ee + m_Eg));

  if (Value <= -1 || Value >= 1) {
    return false;
  }

  m_Phi = acos(Value);

  return true;
}

Computation of the Earth horizon angle¶

In MEGAlib, an intersection test with the Earth horizon is done in src/mimrec/src/MEarthHorizon::IsEventFromEarthByIntersectionTest

bool MEarthHorizon::IsEventFromEarthByIntersectionTest(MPhysicalEvent* Event, bool DumpOutput) const
{
  if (Event->GetType() == MPhysicalEvent::c_Compton) {
    MComptonEvent* C = dynamic_cast<MComptonEvent*>(Event);

    double Phi = C->Phi();

    MVector ConeAxis = -C->Dg();

    // Rotate the ConeAxis into the Earth system:
    ConeAxis = C->GetHorizonPointingRotationMatrix()*ConeAxis;

    // Distance between the Earth cone axis and the Compton cone axis:
    double AxisDist = m_PositionEarth.Angle(ConeAxis);

    if (fabs(AxisDist - Phi) > m_HorizonAngle) {
      return false;
    } else {
      if (DumpOutput == true) {
        mout<<"ID "<<Event->GetId()<<": Cone intersects Earth: "<<AxisDist + Phi<<" < "<<m_HorizonAngle<<endl;
      }
      return true;
    }
  } else if (Event->GetType() == MPhysicalEvent::c_Pair) {
    MPairEvent* P = dynamic_cast<MPairEvent*>(Event); 
    double AxisDist = m_PositionEarth.Angle(P->GetOrigin());

    if (AxisDist < m_HorizonAngle) {
      if (DumpOutput == true) {
        mout<<"ID "<<Event->GetId()<<": Origin inside Earth: "<<AxisDist<<" < "<<m_HorizonAngle<<endl;
      }
      return true;
    }
  }

  return false;
}

Note that

MRotation MRotationInterface::GetHorizonPointingRotationMatrix() const
{
  // Return the rotation matrix of this event

  // Verify that x and z axis are at right angle:
  if (fabs(m_HorizonPointingXAxis.Angle(m_HorizonPointingZAxis) - c_Pi/2.0)*c_Deg > 0.1) {
    cout<<"Event "<<m_Id<<": Horizon axes are not at right angle, but: "<<m_HorizonPointingXAxis.Angle(m_HorizonPointingZAxis)*c_Deg<<" deg"<<endl;
  }

  // First compute the y-Axis vector:
  MVector m_HorizonPointingYAxis = m_HorizonPointingZAxis.Cross(m_HorizonPointingXAxis);

  return MRotation(m_HorizonPointingXAxis.X(), m_HorizonPointingYAxis.X(), m_HorizonPointingZAxis.X(),
                   m_HorizonPointingXAxis.Y(), m_HorizonPointingYAxis.Y(), m_HorizonPointingZAxis.Y(),
                   m_HorizonPointingXAxis.Z(), m_HorizonPointingYAxis.Z(), m_HorizonPointingZAxis.Z());
}

and

double MVector::Angle(const MVector& V) const 
{
  // Calculate the angle between two vectors:
  // cos Angle = (v dot w) / (|v| x |w|)

  // Protect against division by zero:
  double Denom = Mag()*V.Mag();
  if (Denom == 0) {
    return 0.0;
  } else {
    double Value = Dot(V)/Denom;
    if (Value >  1.0) Value =  1.0;
    if (Value < -1.0) Value = -1.0;
    return acos(Value);
  }
}

and

m_PositionEarth = MVector(0, 0, -1);

which is the position of Earth (center) in detector coordinates and

m_HorizonAngle = 90*c_Rad;

is the (azimuth-) angle from the Earth position to Earth horizon (the values indicate the default values of the MEarthHorizon constructor). The values are set using

bool MEarthHorizon::SetEarthHorizon(const MVector& PositionEarth, 
                                    const double HorizonAngle)
{
  m_PositionEarth = PositionEarth.Unit();
  m_HorizonAngle = HorizonAngle;

  return true;
}

which is called in src/mimrec/src/MEventSelector.cxx.

Alternatively, a probabilistic evaluation is done using

bool MEarthHorizon::IsEventFromEarthByProbabilityTest(MPhysicalEvent* Event, bool DumpOutput) const
{
  massert(Event != 0);

  if (Event->GetType() == MPhysicalEvent::c_Compton) {
    MComptonEvent* C = dynamic_cast<MComptonEvent*>(Event);

    // Take care of scatter angles larger than 90 deg:
    double Phi = C->Phi();
    MVector ConeAxis = C->Dg();
    // Rotate the ConeAxis into the Earth system:
    ConeAxis = C->GetHorizonPointingRotationMatrix()*ConeAxis;

    MVector Origin = C->DiOnCone();

    // That's the trick, but I don't remember what it means...
    if (Phi > c_Pi/2.0) {
      Phi = c_Pi - Phi;
    } else {
      ConeAxis *= -1;
    }

    // Distance between the Earth cone axis and the Compton cone axis:
    double EarthConeaxisDist = m_PositionEarth.Angle(ConeAxis);

    // Now determine both angles between the cone and Earth (simpler now since phi always <= 90)
    // First the one towards the Earth -- if it is smaller than 0 just use fabs
    double AngleEarthCone1 = EarthConeaxisDist - Phi;
    if (AngleEarthCone1 < 0) AngleEarthCone1 = fabs(AngleEarthCone1); // please don't simplify
    // Then the one away from Earth -- if it is > 180 deg then use the smaller angle
    double AngleEarthCone2 = EarthConeaxisDist + Phi;
    if (AngleEarthCone2 > c_Pi) AngleEarthCone2 -= 2*(AngleEarthCone2 - c_Pi);

    // Case a: Cone is completely inside Earth
    if (AngleEarthCone1 < m_HorizonAngle && AngleEarthCone2 < m_HorizonAngle) {
      mdebug<<"EHC: Cone is completely inside Earth"<<endl;
      if (m_MaxProbability < 1.0) {
        if (DumpOutput == true) {
          mout<<"ID "<<Event->GetId()<<": Cone inside Earth"<<endl;
        }
        return true;
      } else {
        // If the probability is 1.0, we are OK with events from Earth
        return false;
      }
    }
    // Case b: Cone is completely outside Earth
    else if (AngleEarthCone1 > m_HorizonAngle && AngleEarthCone2 > m_HorizonAngle) {
      mdebug<<"EHC: Cone is completely outside Earth"<<endl;
      return false;
    }
    // Case c: Cone intersects horizon
    else {
      // Determine the intersection points on the Compton cone:
      mdebug<<"EHC: Cone intersects horizon"<<endl;

      if (sin(EarthConeaxisDist) == 0 || sin(Phi) == 0) {
        merr<<"Numerical boundary: Scattered gamma-ray flew in direction of " 
            <<"the Earth axis and the Compton scatter angle is identical with " 
            <<"horizon angle (horizon angle="<<m_HorizonAngle*c_Deg
            <<", Earth-coneaxis-distance="<<EarthConeaxisDist*c_Deg
            <<") - or we have a Compton backscattering (180 deg) " 
            <<"or no scattering at all (phi="<<Phi*c_Deg<<")... " 
            <<"Nevertheless, I am not rejecting event "<<Event->GetId()<<show;
        return false;
      }
      // Law of cosines for the sides of spherical triangles
      double EarthConeaxisIntersectionAngle = 
        acos((cos(m_HorizonAngle)-cos(EarthConeaxisDist)*cos(Phi))/(sin(EarthConeaxisDist)*sin(Phi)));

      if (C->HasTrack() == true && m_ValidComptonResponse == true) {
        // Now we have to determine the distance to the origin on the cone:

        double ConeaxisOriginDist = ConeAxis.Angle(Origin);
        double EarthOriginDist = m_PositionEarth.Angle(Origin);

        if (sin(ConeaxisOriginDist) == 0) {
          merr<<"Numerical boundary: The photon's origin is identical with the cone axis...!" 
              <<" Nevertheless, I am not rejecting this event "<<Event->GetId()<<show;
          return false;
        }

        // Law of cosines for the sides of spherical triangles
        double EarthConeaxisOriginAngle = 
          acos((cos(EarthOriginDist) - cos(EarthConeaxisDist)*cos(ConeaxisOriginDist))/
               (sin(EarthConeaxisDist)*sin(ConeaxisOriginDist)));

        // The intersections on the cone are at EarthConeaxisOriginAngle +-EarthConeaxisIntersectionAngle
        // Let's figure out the probabilities:

        double Probability = 0;

        // Case A: "Maximum" on cone (not necessarily origin) is from *within* Earth:
        if (EarthOriginDist < m_HorizonAngle) { 
          // If the intersection are in different Origin-Coneaxis-Hemispheres:
          if (EarthConeaxisOriginAngle + EarthConeaxisIntersectionAngle < c_Pi) {
            Probability = m_ComptonResponse.GetInterpolated((EarthConeaxisIntersectionAngle - EarthConeaxisOriginAngle)*c_Deg, C->Ee()) +
              m_ComptonResponse.GetInterpolated((EarthConeaxisIntersectionAngle + EarthConeaxisOriginAngle)*c_Deg, C->Ee());
            Probability = 0.5*Probability;

            massert(EarthConeaxisIntersectionAngle - EarthConeaxisOriginAngle >= 0);
            massert(EarthConeaxisIntersectionAngle - EarthConeaxisOriginAngle <= c_Pi);
            massert(EarthConeaxisIntersectionAngle + EarthConeaxisOriginAngle >= 0);
            massert(EarthConeaxisIntersectionAngle + EarthConeaxisOriginAngle <= c_Pi);

          } 
          // otherwise:
          else {
            Probability = m_ComptonResponse.GetInterpolated((2*c_Pi - EarthConeaxisIntersectionAngle - EarthConeaxisOriginAngle)*c_Deg, C->Ee()) -
              m_ComptonResponse.GetInterpolated((EarthConeaxisIntersectionAngle - EarthConeaxisOriginAngle)*c_Deg, C->Ee());
            Probability = 1-0.5*Probability;
          }
        } 
        // Case B: "Maximum" on cone (not necessarily origin) is from *outside* Earth:
        else {
          // If the intersection are in different hemispheres Origin-Coneaxis-Hemispheres:
          if (EarthConeaxisOriginAngle + EarthConeaxisIntersectionAngle > c_Pi) {
            Probability = m_ComptonResponse.GetInterpolated((EarthConeaxisOriginAngle - EarthConeaxisIntersectionAngle)*c_Deg, C->Ee()) +
              m_ComptonResponse.GetInterpolated((c_Pi + EarthConeaxisIntersectionAngle - EarthConeaxisOriginAngle)*c_Deg, C->Ee());
            Probability = 1-0.5*Probability;
          } 
          // otherwise:
          else {
            Probability = m_ComptonResponse.GetInterpolated((EarthConeaxisOriginAngle + EarthConeaxisIntersectionAngle)*c_Deg, C->Ee()) -
              m_ComptonResponse.GetInterpolated((EarthConeaxisOriginAngle - EarthConeaxisIntersectionAngle)*c_Deg, C->Ee());
            Probability = 0.5*Probability;

          } 
        }

        if (Probability > m_MaxProbability) {
          if (DumpOutput == true) {
            mout<<"ID "<<Event->GetId()<<": Probability higher max probability: "<<Probability<<" > "<<m_MaxProbability<<endl;
          }
          return true;
        }
      } else {
        // The probability is simply determined by the length of the segment within Earth
        if (EarthConeaxisIntersectionAngle/c_Pi > m_MaxProbability) {
          if (DumpOutput == true) {
            mout<<"ID "<<Event->GetId()<<": Probability higher max probability: "<<EarthConeaxisIntersectionAngle/c_Pi<<" > "<<m_MaxProbability<<endl;
          }
          return true;
        }
      }
    } 
  } else if (Event->GetType() == MPhysicalEvent::c_Pair) {
    MPairEvent* P = dynamic_cast<MPairEvent*>(Event); 
    double AxisDist = m_PositionEarth.Angle(P->GetOrigin());

    if (AxisDist < m_HorizonAngle) {
      if (DumpOutput == true) {
        mout<<"ID "<<Event->GetId()<<": Origin inside Earth: "<<AxisDist<<" < "<<m_HorizonAngle<<endl;
      }
      return true;
    }
  }

  return false;
}

MEGAlib constants¶

The following constants are used in MEGAlib:

const double c_Pi = 3.14159265358979311600;
const double c_TwoPi = 2*c_Pi;
const double c_Sqrt2Pi = 2.506628274631;
const double c_Rad = c_Pi / 180.0;
const double c_Deg = 180.0 / c_Pi;
const double c_SpeedOfLight = 29.9792458E+9; // cm/s
const double c_E0 = 510.999; // keV
const double c_FarAway = 1E20; // cm
const double c_LargestEnergy = 0.999*numeric_limits<float>::max();
const MVector c_NullVector(0.0, 0.0, 0.0);